Start Here I think your answer is somewhere in the IEC ELV standards.

Plus one for Ice Pirates. It gave us Space Herpes

1. No, not breeders, but reprocessing. There is still a lot of usable fuel left in an “expended” fuel cell, just not in enough concentration.

Long term storage and/or reprocessing of fuel. On site storage is not a viable long term solution. We need some way to safely store expended fuel or change the rules to allow reprocessing. Commercially, we need to figure out an economical way to build power plants that doesn’t die under the weight of its own regulations. Vogtle 3 & 4 went waaayy over budget, and almost bankrupted the partners (Westinghouse I believe). Solar and wind are seeing reduction in cost due to expanding market and the economy of scale that goes with it, along with generous subsidies. For nuclear to get those benefits it would have to be constructed at a rate not seen since Three Mile Island. We lost all of those benefits accrued during the 60s 70s and 80s. We would be starting at least 10 years behind wind and solar.

Right, but they don’t exist commercially and are 10 years away by best estimate (I think I haven’t looked lately). Also, Navy style reactors are not anything like SMR designs currently under development. They are much closer to current PWR reactors in use. I love the idea of more nuclear, hell that’s what I do for a living. I just feel like SMRs are more vapor ware that’s always “10 years away”. I hope not, I know some really smart people who are currently working at Terrapower trying to make it a reality.

They take the waste heat from nuclear decay and convert it to electricity through the use of a peltier device. Those work off of differential temperature and are pretty inefficient to begin with. Unmderated Nuclear decay doesn’t produce a lot of heat at one time, which is why reactors use a moderator to increase the power output.

Well, I work in commercial nuclear power, and I have since 2010, so…yeah, I’m super creative.

This article has a good breakdown. The biggest issue is efficiency. RTGs are around 5-9% efficient. Standard steam cycle generators are around 30% (see this article ) . You get much more usable energy from fuel used in a commercial reactor vice a RTG.

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